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Sunflower facts & the maths of the spiral

Look into the centre of a sunflower and you'll find one of nature's most beautiful pieces of mathematics hiding in plain sight.

The spirals in the seed head

The seeds aren't in neat rows โ€” they curve outward in two sets of spirals, one winding clockwise and one anticlockwise. Count them, and something remarkable turns up: the number of spirals in each direction is almost always a pair of consecutive Fibonacci numbers โ€” like 34 and 55, or 55 and 89.

The Fibonacci sequence starts 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89โ€ฆ where each number is the sum of the two before it. It shows up all over nature โ€” in pinecones, pineapples, and the sunflower's face.

Why? The golden angle

As the seed head grows, each new seed is added at an angle of about 137.5ยฐ โ€” the "golden angle" โ€” around from the last. That precise turn packs the seeds together with no gaps and no crowding, fitting the most seeds into the space. The Fibonacci spirals are simply what that perfect packing looks like.

A few things you might not know

Grow one and count the spirals ๐ŸŒป
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